Rising Sea Levels: The Impact on Mumbai's Coastal Real Estate

Illustration: Ajay Mohanty

The global deceleration in decarbonisation efforts, particularly during Donald Trump's presidency in the US (2016) and Russia's invasion of Ukraine (2022), has significantly altered the outlook on emissions. The shift from median to high-emission scenarios is now more challenging than ever. This change has profound implications for coastal cities like Mumbai, where rising sea levels pose a significant threat.

What does this mean for Mumbai? According to high-emission scenarios computed by the International Panel for Climate Change (IPCC), the sea level at Mumbai is projected to rise by about 25 cm by 2050. This rise is primarily due to the thermal expansion of seawater and the melting of polar ice caps. The consequences of this increase are multifaceted and can have far-reaching impacts on the city's infrastructure, economy, and residents.

Mumbai, being a major financial hub and home to millions, faces unique challenges. The city's coastline is dotted with high-value real estate, including residential areas, commercial complexes, and industrial zones. The rising sea levels can lead to increased flooding, erosion, and saltwater intrusion, all of which can severely damage property and infrastructure. The economic implications are substantial, as the city's real estate market is a critical component of its economy.

Moreover, the social impact of rising sea levels cannot be overlooked. Low-lying areas, often inhabited by marginalized communities, are particularly vulnerable. These areas lack the resources to adapt to the changing environment, making them more susceptible to displacement and loss of livelihood. The government and local authorities must take proactive measures to mitigate these risks and ensure the safety and well-being of all residents.

One of the key strategies to address the rising sea levels is to invest in resilient infrastructure. This includes building higher and stronger seawalls, improving drainage systems, and developing early warning systems for flood events. Additionally, urban planning must incorporate climate resilience, with new developments designed to withstand the impacts of rising sea levels.

Community engagement and education are also crucial. Raising awareness about the risks and involving residents in decision-making processes can foster a sense of ownership and responsibility. Public-private partnerships can play a vital role in funding and implementing these initiatives, leveraging the expertise and resources of both sectors.

In conclusion, the threat of rising sea levels in Mumbai is real and pressing. It requires a comprehensive and coordinated approach involving government, private sector, and community stakeholders. By taking proactive measures and investing in resilient infrastructure, Mumbai can mitigate the impacts of rising sea levels and ensure a sustainable future for its residents and economy.

Disclaimer: These are personal views of the writer. They do not necessarily reflect the opinion of the Business Standard newspaper.