ITAT Rules on Cash Deposits in Real Estate: Demonetization Impact Explained
The Income Tax Appellate Tribunal (ITAT) Surat Bench ruled that a real estate firm's cash deposits during demonetization were mostly explained. The tribunal limited the addition to 25% of the disputed amount, rejecting the Assessing Officer's claim that the entire balance was unexplained.
Real EstateDemonetizationIncome TaxItatCash DepositsReal EstateJun 20, 2025
Shree Balaji Associates, the assessee, is a firm engaged in the real estate business. For the Assessment Year 2017–18, the firm declared an income of Rs. 5,44,520. During the demonetization period, the firm deposited Rs. 29 lakh in its bank account.
The Assessing Officer (AO), during scrutiny, accepted only Rs. 12 lakh as recently withdrawn cash and Rs. 9.46 lakh as received from customers. The balance of Rs. 7.54 lakh was treated as unexplained and added under Section 68 of the Income Tax Act, 1961.
In the assessment proceedings, the assessee’s counsel argued that the cash deposits were fully explainable through earlier withdrawals made during the financial year and cash sales. It submitted that total cash withdrawals from banks amounted to Rs. 29.45 lakh, and that the deposits made during demonetization were part of this amount. The AO accepted only part of the explanation and treated the remaining Rs. 7.54 lakh as unexplained. The AO taxed this amount at the higher rate under Section 115BBE.
Before the tribunal, the assessee’s counsel argued that it was engaged in a cash-intensive business and that holding large cash was a normal business practice. It submitted bank statements, withdrawal details, and explanations to support the claim that the deposits were from available cash. They also suggested, as an alternative, that only a small portion of the amount be disallowed to settle the matter without prolonged litigation.
The revenue counsel argued that withdrawals made several months before demonetization could not reasonably be assumed to have been retained in cash. It stated that only the cash withdrawn immediately before demonetization and amounts clearly received from customers were justifiably accepted, and no further relief should be granted.
The two-member bench comprising Pawan Singh (Judicial Member) and Bijayananda Pruseth (Accountant Member) held that since a substantial part of the cash deposits was already accepted by the department, and the assessee had demonstrated a pattern of regular withdrawals consistent with its business activity, taxing the entire balance amount as unexplained was unjustified.
The tribunal ruled that a reasonable disallowance of 25% of the disputed Rs. 7.54 lakh (i.e., Rs. 1.88 lakh) would be sufficient to meet the ends of justice. It also held that the higher tax rate under Section 115BBE did not apply for the assessment year in question, as per various coordinate bench rulings. The tribunal directed the AO to delete Rs. 5.65 lakh and retain only Rs. 1.88 lakh as disallowed, partly allowing the appeal.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the role of the Income Tax Appellate Tribunal (ITAT)?
The ITAT is a quasi-judicial body that hears appeals against orders of the Assessing Officer (AO) and other lower authorities in income tax matters. It provides a forum for taxpayers to challenge decisions and seek fair and impartial adjudication.
Why is cash on hand common in the real estate business?
The real estate business is often cash-intensive due to the nature of transactions, which frequently involve large sums of money. Holding cash is a common practice to facilitate quick transactions and manage liquidity.
What is Section 68 of the Income Tax Act, 1961?
Section 68 of the Income Tax Act, 1961 deals with the addition of unexplained cash credits to the taxable income of an assessee. If the source of cash credits is not satisfactorily explained, they can be added to the income and taxed.
How did the ITAT rule on the cash deposits during demonetization?
The ITAT ruled that a reasonable disallowance of 25% of the disputed amount (Rs. 7.54 lakh) was sufficient, rejecting the AO's claim that the entire balance was unexplained. The tribunal also held that the higher tax rate under Section 115BBE did not apply for the assessment year in question.
What is the significance of the ITAT's decision for real estate firms?
The ITAT's decision is significant as it acknowledges the common practice of holding cash in real estate businesses and provides a fair and balanced approach to tax assessment, reducing the burden on firms that can reasonably explain their cash deposits.
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